Complex Numbers

• Cartesian: $z = x + jy$ (where $j$ is imaginary unit)
• Polar: $z = re^{j\theta} = r(\cos\theta + j\sin\theta)$
  • $x = r\cos\theta$
  • $y = rsin\theta$
  • $r = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$
  • $\theta = \arctan\left(\frac{y}{x}\right)$
• Deg to Rad: $\frac{\pi}{180}$

References

• Course handout 1: Transforming Complex Numbers between Cartesian and Polar Coordinates